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4. Odessa: the history written on centuries

It was tried to unriddle the phenomenon of Odessa many. Certainly, business in the advantageous location of city, in sagacity of the first town-planners and governors of a town. But main – in the benevolent participating in everything, that took place with our ancestors, takes place with us, and certainly it will take place with our descendants, certain Genius of Place. This genius – Genius Loci, spirit the promoter of the real men, in obedience to ancient mythology, personifies a life-breath, is the defender of monogynopaedium, at home, communities, cities, states. Exactly he struck the wings de Ribasa, de Shuttlecock, Ricercar, Lanzherona and Voroncova, which collected on the banks of this steppe of enterprising, living, strong and risk people – Odessa. In their tendons flowed and blood of ten flows, if not hundreds, etnosov. It was mixed under ringing of bells of churches of different confessions, prayers of muezzins and rabbis.

ODESSA BEGAN SO...

                                                                                                                                                                                       

С одной стороны Одессу омывает море, 

с другой – степь. Степь украинская,

море – многоязычное.
                                     Лев Славин            


     The epoch of birth and youth of Odessa has the special value in family consciousness those, who today feels itself Odessa. It is perceived as mythical time of «old Odessa», which hardened and stepped back in the area of legends. Old Odessa, in opinion of founder of Odessa mythology Alexandra de Ribasa, it is young Odessa. This was glad time of extreme youth of city, time of «rapture life», when the same was formed enhanceable vital'nost', characterizing Odessa as people temperamental, cheerful and irrepressible. Already at the beginning of XX century this time was perceived just like this. He had the special, Odessa «taste of life».
   
  

 Odessa history/ V. N. Stanko, Z. V. Pershsna, S. R. Grineveckiy [and other]. - О. : Seal, 2002. - 558 p. - Notes: с. 529-558.  

Odesssa- city, which never was out of attention of researchers and artists, politicians and managers. About Odessa and its habitants it is written lots of talented books, it is decorated the excellent monuments of architecture and sculpture, glorified in wonderful songs and witty folk stories. The original atmosphere of Odessa became legend, that considerably complicated the modern researchers of city history of study of concrete events. To the authors that is why it was necessary to overcome durable stereotypes and myths, which such obvolute history of our city. As far as successfully they did it – to judge a reader. At least Odessa can first trace the difficult process of settling of territory of modern city and his fence surrounding villages and forming and development in its limits of economic, soldiery and social structures.

  

 Dobrolyubskiy A. O.  Borisfen — Khadzibey — Оdessa / А.О. Dobrolyubskiy, О. I. Gubar', A. V. Krasnozhon: ist. it is an archaeologist.  essays. it is O. : Biznes-elita, 2002. - 268 p.ист. - археолог.  очерки. - О. : Бизнес-Элита, 2002. - 268 с.

How many old is Odessa? 200 with copecks? 600? 700? 2500? Anniversaries and «round dates» are banal still human predilection. On a large account, anniversaries are deprived historical sense. That does mean «round» numbers, multiple 10, 25, 50, 100? And exactly nothing. Simply they are likable us. The special case of banal historical consciousness is a picture that Odessa gave birth «on blank space», approximately as in the field bindweed. Actually, a place is familiar, just the same is sainted place, which is not emptily. An ancient city Borisfen is Harbour of Istrian is medieval anchorage of Dzhinestra, and then port and fortress of Khadzhibey, - finally, a «military harbour of kupno with merchant» is Odessa. This book is an attempt to satisfy the reader of that time indissolubly, neyubileyno. We all plod on a the same street, simultaneously, unceasingly. And the name to this street is Time. History is the only materialized time. Cobble. Sidewalk laid out «lava». Asphalt passing part. «Anniversaries» – only killomeeter columns along the side of a road...

  

Sushinskiy B. I. Оdessa: history, written by centuries: hist. essay / B. I. Sushinskiy . - О., 2005. - 96 p. : il. - Lit. : p. 96 (21 names).

Before you is a historical essay, devoted centuries-old history of city of Odessa and Ukrainian Prichernomor'ya. In them considered and intelligent many certificates and versions, touching the date of foundation of Kachibeya – Odessa, different names of our city, and also events related to him. A book, which is the brief variant of large research work of the known writer and author of many historical researches, academician Bogdan Sushinskiy, is counted on students and teachers of institutes of higher, colleges, researchers of a particular region, all, who is interested in history of our edge, history of Ukraine.

  

 Gerligi P. Odessa, cities, 1794-1914 / P. Gerligi. - К. : Criticism, 1999. - 382 p.  

This book is devoted research of history of Odessa of odes of its foundation and to beginning of the first world war – 1914. It is possible it would be to continue researches to our times, but history of Odessa after 1914 is as heavy as lead added an analysis in investigation of a number of problems, in a root different from those which are examined in this labour. A book all events of history of city are fitted in which would go out or rather big on volume, or too shallow. Odessa 1794-1914 - unique, keen and meaningful. I hope, the presented attempt of it reconstruction will confirm these words only.

  

Аtlas D. Old Odessa, its friends and enemies/ D. Atlas. - О. : Ласми, 1992. - 208p. : il.

Book of the Odessa researcher of a particular region of Dorotei Henry Atlas is an historical-regional essay, explaining the «phenomenon of Odessa». Bringing the most interesting and not popular certificates over, D.G. An atlas tricks into a reader to the idea, that basis of prosperity of «South Palmyra» was porto-franko round which spores conducted «friends and enemies» of city. A book is valuable the bibliography: by numerous Refs.s of author on half-forgotten economic, literary and historical sources.

  

Gorbatyuk A. Young Odessa in the portraits of its creators/ G. Gorbatyuk, V. Glazurin. - О. : Optimum, 2002. - 251 p. 

Book of A. Gorbatyuk, I V. Glazyrin «Young Odessa» is a hymn to our city, his founders, descendants of founders, hymn to us, hymn to the hope and future of Odessa.

The epoch of birth and youth of Odessa has the special value in family consciousness those, who today feels itself Odessa. It is perceived  as mythical time " old Odessa", which hardened and stepped back in the area of legends. old Odessa, in opinion of founder of Odessa mythology Alexandra de Ribasa, it is young Odessa. This was glad time of extreme youth of city, time of "rapture life", when the same was formed enhanceable vital'nost', characterizing Odessa as people temperamental, .cheerful and irrepressible. Already at the beginning of XX century this time was perceived just like this. He had the special, Odessa «taste of life».

  

Divnyy I. V. СPages of military necropolis of old Odessa: biogr. reference book / I. V. Divnyy. - К., 1996. - Inst. 2. - 182 . - (Necropolises of Ukraine). 

In a reference book biographies are presented 300 generals and officers, servings in an army, police and boundary guard of the Russian empire and bury on territory of Odessa in different periods of history of city. Information is first published about the burial of row of the known military leaders, participants of different campaigns, since suvorovskikh hikes concluding perepitiyami of Civil war, description over of soldiery burial places, considered to for some time past irretrievably lost is brought.

   

Malakhov V. P. Odessa, 1900 - 1920 : People...Events...Facts... / V. P. Malakhov, B. A. Stepanenko . - О. : Optimum, 2004. - 448 p. : il. 

This book «for Odessa» gone. If you want to familiarize with the archived materials, read the great number of notes and reporting from the Odessa newspapers of centenary remoteness, if you wish to know biographies and fates of people, managing a city, living in him at the beginning of XX century, and also about the people of known, famous, which adjoined with Odessa at the beginning of XX century, if interestingly you to know, as and what our city lived by in 1900-1920 - that this book for you. Engineer, musician, economist, military, scientific worker, artist, historian, pensionary, biographer and in general any Odessa – everybody will find in this book on your own something new, interesnoe and, maybe, useful.

   Malakhov V. P., Stepanenko B. A. Odessa, 1920-1965: People... Events... /V. P. Malakhov, B. A. Stepanenko. - О. : Science and technique, 2008. - 504 p. : 256 il.

     The real book is chronologic addition of book with the analogical name, not wrap-round a period from 1920 to 1965. Authors are not professional historians, and it is not scientific research. Purpose of book - to rotin on the basis of the archived materials, official records, publish in the press, certificates of participants and eyewitnesses of the described events, as and what Odessa and its habitants lived by in an indicated period of time, that interested, agitated, distressed and made happy Odessa, as developed and his look mutated, saving the unicity, uniqueness, attractiveness and wayward "Odessa" soul here. History of city can not carry selective character of that time with all his pluses and minuses, not doing here synonymous conclusions and not giving emphatic estimations the described events. We give a reader to do it independent.

     Engineer, musician, economist, military, scientific worker, artist, historian, pensionary, biographer and in general any Odessa - everybody will find in this book on your own something new, interesting and, maybe, useful.

     A book is counted on the wide circle of readers.

   
       
     F. S. de Volan     I. M. de Ribas
       vice-admiral
    founder of Odessa
   Duke de Ricercar,
  lieutenant-general,
governor of Odessa
 Knyaz' M.S. Voroncov,
  general-fel'dmarshal
      Е.К. Voroncova,
  countess Branickaya
       А.S. Pushkin,
  great Russian poet
       

ARCHITECTURAL MONUMENTS OF ODESSA

 
                                                                                                                                    
  Я жил тогда в Одессе пыльной...
  Там долго ясны небеса,
  Там хлопотливый торг обильный
  Свои подъемлет паруса;
  Там все Европой дышит, веет,
  Все блещет югом и пестреет
  Разнообразностью живой.
                             А.С. Пушкин  

     Architecture of Odessa is an aggregate of receptions of town-planning, applied in Odessa. Odessa — one of not many cities, built mainly on a regular plan which was realized due to comfortable flat locality and talent of architects and builders. Because Odessa began the actual development only at the end of the XVIII century very much many monuments of architecture were built in XIX—XX ages.
     Mainly Odessa is presented architecture of XIX-XX-th centuries: classicism, modern, baroque, postmodernizm, modern tekhno-architecture. The first buildings in Odessa were built in style of classicism, differed rationalism and avarice of dekor. Multinational composition of population resulted in that byzantine-greek influence was reflected in architecture of cult buildings, and in planning and facade compositions of dwelling-houses it is possible to meet not only the Italian and French but also Armenian receptions.  Such visible engineers, hydraulic engineers, architects, took part in realization of project of the Potemkinskoy stair, as Boffo, Upton, Fan-der-Flis, Frosts, Torichelli, Trestles, Dallakva. Erected in style of classicism from a local shell rock on a pilework. Has 192 stages.   
    Alexander Osipovich Bernardacci built the great number of administrative buildings in Odessa: railway station «Odessa-main» (on the project of architect of V. A. Shreter). In 1879 Bernardacci becomes city. In 1879 Bernardacci becomes the city architect of Odessa. At the same time A. O. Bernardacci designs the great number of profitable houses and mansions, builds public buildings: clinics of medical institute (in a coauthor with an architect N. Sh. Tolvinskim), hospital (1892, on the project of architects of Shmidena and Shneera), reformatskaya church (theater of dolls), a hotel is «Red» (á. «Bristol», with a young architect And. á. Minkusom) and building of the New exchange, executed in a collaboration with sculptors Molinari, Mencione and Eduardsom, by the artists of Kassioli and Karazin.
 

 Odessa. Architecture. Monuments : fotoalbum /R.T. Papik'yan, V.I.Timofeenko . - K. : Art, 1984. - 191 p. : il. -  Text on  Ukr. and Engl. lang.


 Odessa...Original look to this regional center, large marine port, to one of the largest cities on the south of country, interesting architecture in which for two ages of building practically all architectural styles and flows found a reflection gives. The glorious pages of revolutionary history, immortal exploits of heroic defenders of city, are imprinted in the great number of monuments and monuments.  About 150 black and white and coloured pictures of album tell about the most interesting architectural works and monuments of the city.

 

Оdessa : almanac / E. Ivancova . - О. : Iavis, 2002. - 92 p. : 170 col. il. - Texts on the Rus. and Engl. lang.

The Odessa streets are an original textbook of architecture: a renaissance and baroque, classicism and modern, gothic and romantic styles interlaced in the look of many buildings. Certainly, to to determination is applicable many "pseudo", but it quite not belittles expressiveness and uniqueness of streets of city. 

Edition are 170 coloured illustrations of Odessa: streets, monuments and on the whole architecture of city. History of Odessa,  personages and creators, is here presented also.


 

Maksimenko V. S. Temple and eternal museum of art : pages of dvukhvekovoy history of culture of Odessa on a background a city theater . - О. : Leg. lit., 2001. - 376 p.

The manuscript of book was offered an author about ten years ago. A new release differs a greater depth, breadth and worked out that. It engulfs history of theatrical-musical culture of city almost for two centuries - those its pages which are related to activity of city theater.

An author succeeded to pick up good few of pictures, richly in content illustrating activity of theater almost for 2 ages, basic part them never published before. Row of pictures with unique autographs - Chaykovskogo, Shalyapina, Ansel'mi, Pribika, Femilidi and other.

In the book an author as though tricks into "preliminary results" to long-term researches, offering work, which is of interest both for professionals and for the wide audience of art-lovers.

 

 Odessa : fotoalbum : his.-regional essay / I.S. Voloschuk,  G. Garbuzova . it is O. : Astroprint, 2004. - 120 p. : photo. - Rus. and Engl. lan.
 Black sea «pearl», «Sonth Palmyra» - so loving it Odessa and delighted travelers, visiting it, name Odessa. Sun, bright, it comes into the notice of life the special colour, by an affectionate sea, wide light streets, fresh greenery of parks, famous flowerings acacias, monuments of architecture, created known architects. Odessa – one of the largest cultural and scientific centers on the south of Ukraine. It gave a present the world of writers, poets, scientists, musicians. Great number of magnificent theaters, museums, higher educational establishments form cultural and scientific potential of Odessa.

In the offered edition again before us Odessa – poetic, heroic, realistic, merry and thoughtful, but always wonderful – both in a rain and in snow, and in sun weather.



   
                 Opera theater
 Belvedere of Voroncovskiy Palace          Voroncovskiy Palace  Spaso-Preobrazhenskiy Cathedral